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スムート・ホーリー関税法 1930年06月17日

 スムート・ホーリー関税法(Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act)(原文のみ、一部省略)


(原文)

Tariff Act of 1930.

CHAP.497. An Act To provide revenue, to regulate commerce with foreign countries, to encourage the industries of the United States, to protect American labor, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representative of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

TITLE I-DUTIABLE LIST

  SECTION 1. That on and after the day following the passage of this Act, except as otherwise specially provided for in this Act, there shall be levied, collected, and paid upon all articles when imported from any foreign country into the United States or into any of its possessions (except the Philippine Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the island of Guam) the rates of duty which are prescribed by the schedules and paragraphs of the dutiable list of this title, namely:

  SCHEDULE 1.-CHEMICALS, OILS, AND PAINTS

 PARAGRAPH 1. Acids and acid anhydrides: Acetic acid containing by weight not more than 65 per centum of acetic acid, 1 3/8 cents per pound; containing by weight more than 65 per centum, 2 cents per pound; acetic anhydride, 3 1/2 cents per pound; boric acid, 1 cent per pound; chloroacetic acid, 5 cents per pound; citiric acid, 17 cents per pound; formic acid, 3 cents per pound; lactic acid, containing by weight of lactic acid less than 30 per centum, 2 cents per pound; 30 per centum or more and less than 55 per centum, 4 cents per pound; and 55 per centum or more, 9 cents per pound; Provided,That any lactic-acid anhydride present shall be determined as lactic acid and included as such: And provided further, That the duty on lactic acid shall not be less than 25 per centum ad valorem; tannic acid, tannin, and extracts of nutgalls, containing by weight of tannic acid less than 50 per centum, 5 cents per pound; 50 per centum or more and not medicinal, 11 cents per pound; 50 per centum or more and medicinal, 18 cents per pound; tartaric acid, 8 cents per pound; arsenic acid, 3 cents per pound; gallic acid,6 cents per pound; oleic acid or red oil, 20 per centum ad valorem; oxalic acid, 6 cents per pound; phosphoric acid, 2 cents per pound; pyrogallic acid, 12 cents per pound; carbon dioxide, weighing with immediate containers and carton, one pound or less per carton, 1 cents per pound on contents, immediate containers, and carton; and all other acids and acid anhydrides not specially provided for , 25 per centum ad valorem.

 PAR. 2. Acetaldehyde,(以下省略)

 PAR. 3. Acetone and ethyl methyl ketone, and their homologues, and acetone oil,

 PAR. 4. Alcohol: Amyl,

 PAR. 5. All chemical elements,

 PAR. 6. Aluminum hydroxide ore refined bauxite,

 PAR. 7. Ammonium carbonate and bicarbonate,

 PAR. 8. Antimony: 

 PAR. 9. Argols,

 PAR. 10. Balsams: 

 PAR. 11. Amber and amberoid unmanufactured, 

 PAR. 12. Barium carbonate,

 PAR. 13. Blackings, powders,

 PAR. 14. Bleaching powder or chlorinated lime,

 PAR. 15. Caffeine, 

 PAR. 16. Calcium carbide, 

 PAR. 17. Calomel,

 PAR. 18. Carbon tetrachloride,

 PAR. 19. Casein or lactarene and mixtures of which casein or lactarene is the component material of chief value,

 PAR. 20. Chalk or whiting or Paris white : Dry, ground, or bolted,

 PAR. 21. Chemical compounds, mixtures, and salts, of which gold, patinum rhodium, or silver constitutes the element of chief value,

 PAR. 22. Chemical compounds, salts, and mixtures of bismuth,

 PAR. 23. Chemicals, drugs, medicinal and similar substances, whether dutiable or free, when imported in capsules, pills, tablets, lozenges, troches, ampoules, jubes, or similar forms, including powders put up in medicinal doses,

 PAR. 24. Chemical elements, and chemical and medicinal compounds, preparations, mixutures, and salts, distilled or essential oils,

 PAR. 25. Chicle, refined or advanced in value by drying, straining, or any other process or treatment whatever beyond that essential to the proper packing, 5 cents per pound.

 PAR. 26. Chloral hydrate, terpin hydrate, thymol, and glycerophosphoric acid, and salts and compounds of glycerophosphoric acid,

 PAR. 27. Coal-tar procucts:

 PAR. 28. Coal-tar procucts:

 PAR. 29. Cobalt:

 PAR. 30.  Collodion and other liquid solutions of pyroxylin, of other cellulose esters or ethers, or of cellulose,

 PAR. 31. (a) Cellulose acetate, and compounds, combinations, or mixtures containing cellulose acetate:

 PAR. 32. (PAR.97まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 2.-EARTHS, EARTHENWARE, AND GLASSWARE

PAR. 201 (a) Bath brick, chrome brick, ando fire brick, not specially provided for, 25 per centum ad valorem;(以下PAR.236まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 3.-METALS AND MANUFACTURES OF

PAR. 301. Iron in pigs and iron kentledge, $1.12 1/2 per ton;(以下PAR.398まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 4.-WOOD AND MANUFACTURES OF

PAR. 401. Timber hewn, sided ore squared, otherwise than by sawing, and round timber used for spars of in building wharves; sawed lumber and timber not specially provided for; all the foregoing, if of fir spruce, pine, hemlock, or larch, $1 per thousand feet,(以下PAR.412まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 5.-SUGAR, MOLASSES, AND MANUFACTURES OF

PAR. 501. Sugars, tank bottoms, sirups of cane juice,(以下PAR.506まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 6.-TOBACCO AND MANUFACTURES OF

PAR. 601. Wrapper tobacco, and filler tobacco when mixed or packed with more than 35 per centum of wrapper tobacco,(以下PAR.605まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 7.-AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND PROVISIONS

PAR. 701. Cattle, weighing less than seven hundred pounds each, 2 1/2 cents per pound;(以下PAR.783まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 8.-SPIRITS, WINES, AND OTHER BEVERAGES

PAR. 801. (a) Nothing in this schedule shall be construed as in any manner limiting or restricting the provisions of Title II or III of the National Prohibition Act, as amended.

 (b) The duties prescribed in Schedule 8 and imposed by Title I shall be in addition to the internal-revenue taxes imposed under existing law, or any subsequent Act.

(以下PAR.815まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 9.-COTTON MANUFACTURES

PAR. 901. (a) Cotton yarn, including warps, in any form, not bleached dyed, colored, combed, or plied, of numbers not exceeding number 90, 5 per centum ad valorem and, in addition thereto, for each number, three-tenths of 1 per centum ad valorem; exceeding number 90, 32 per centum ad valorem.

 (b)(以下PAR.924まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 10.-FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND MANUFATURES OF

PAR. 1001. Flax straw, $3 per ton;(以下PAR.1023まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 11.-WOOD AND MANUFATURES OF

PAR. 1101. (a) Wools: Donskoi,(以下PAR.1122まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 12.-SILK MANUFATURES

PAR. 1201. Silk partially manufactured, including total or partial degumming other than in the reeling process, from raw silk, waste silk, or cocoons, and silk noils exceeding two inches in length;(以下PAR.1211まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 13.-MANUFATURES OF RAYON OR OTHER SYNTHETIC TEXTILE

PAR. 1301. Filaments of rayon or other synthetic textile,(以下PAR.1313まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 14.-PAPER AND BOOKS

PAR. 1401. Uncoated papers commonly or commercially known as book paper, and all uncoated printing paper, not specially provided for, not including cover paper, one-fourth of 1 cent per pound and 10 per cetum ad valorem:(以下PAR.1413まで省略)

  SCHEDULE 15.-SUNDRIES

PAR. 1501. Yarn, slivers, rovings, wick, rope, cord, cloth, tape, and tubing, of asbestos, (以下PAR.1559まで省略)

TITLE II-FREE LIST

   SECTION 201. That on and after the day following the passage of this Act, except as otherwise specially provided for in this Act, the artilces mentioned in the following paragraphs, when imported into the United States or into any of its possessions (except the Philippine Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the island of Guam), shall be exempt from duty:

 SCHEDULE 16

PAR. 1601. Acids and acid anhydrides:(以下PAR.1814まで省略)

TITLE III-SPECIAL PROVISIONS

 Part I-Miscellaneous

SEC. 301. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

  There shall be levied, collected, and paid upon all articles coming into the United States from the Philippine Islands the rates of duty which are required to be levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported from foreign countries: (以下省略)

SEC. 302. PORTO RICO-EXEMPTION FROM INTERNAL-REVENUE TAXES.(以下省略)

SEC. 303. COUNTERVAILING DUTIES.

SEC. 304. MARKING OF IMPORTED ARTICLES.

SEC. 305. IMMORAL ARTICLES-IMPORTATION PROHIBITED.

SEC. 306. CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, AND MEATS-IMPORTATION PROHIBITED IN CERTAIN CASES.

SEC. 307. CONVICT MADE GOODS-IMPORTATION PROHIBITED.

SEC. 308. TEMPORARY FREE IMPORTATION UNDER BOND FOR EXPORTATION.

SEC. 309. SUPPLIES FOR CERTAIN VESSELS.

SEC. 310. FREE IMPORTANTION OF MERCHANDISE RECOVERED FROM SUNKEN AND ABANDONED VESSELS.

SEC. 311. BONDED MANUFACTURING WAREHOUSES.

SEC. 312. BONDED SMELTING WAREHOUSES.

SEC. 313. DRAWBACK AND REFUNDS.

SEC. 314. REIMPORTATION OF TAX-FREE EXPORTS.

SEC. 315. EFFECTIVE DATE OF RATES OF DUTY.

SEC. 316. CUBAN RECIPROCITY TREATY NOT AFFECTED.

SEC. 317. TOBACCO PRODUCTS-EXPORTATION FREE OF DUTY OR INTERNAL-REVENUE TAX.

SEC. 318. EMERGENCIES.

SEC. 319. DUTY ON COFFEE IMPORTED INTO PORTO RICO.

SEC. 320. RECIPROCAL AGREEMENTS RELATING TO ADVERTISING MATTER.

 Part II-United States Tariff Commission

SEC. 330. ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMISSION.

SEC. 331. GENERAL POWERS.

SEC. 332. INVESTIGATIONS.

SEC. 333. TESTIMONY AND PRODUCTION OF PAPERS.

SEC. 334. COOPERATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES.

SEC. 335. PENALTY FOR DISCLOSURE OF TRADE SECRETS.

SEC. 336. EQUALIZATION OF COSTS OF PRODUCTION.

SEC. 337. UNFAIR PRACTICES IN IMPORT TRADE.

SEC. 338. DISCRIMINATION BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

SEC. 339. EFFECT OF REENACTMENT OF EXISTING LAW.

SEC. 340. DOMESTIC VALUE-CONVERSION OF RATES.

SEC. 341. INTERFERENCE WITH FUNCTIONS OF COMMISSION.

TITLE IV-ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

 Part I-Definitions

SEC. 401. MISCELLANEOUS.

SEC. 402. VALUE.

 Part II-Report, Entry, and Unlading of Vessels and Vehicles

SEC. 431. MANIFEST-REQUIREMENT, FORM AND CONTENTS.

SEC. 432. MANIFEST TO SPECIFY SEA AND SHIP'S STORES.

SEC. 433. REPORT OF ARRIVAL.

SEC. 434. ENTRY OF AMERICAN VESSELS.

SEC. 435. ENTRY OF FOREIGN VESSELS.

SEC. 436. FAILURE TO REPORT OR ENTER VESSEL.

SEC. 437. DOCUMENTS RETURNED AT CLEARANCE.

SEC. 438. UNLAWFUL RETURN OF FOREIGN VESSL'S PAPERS.

SEC. 439. DELIVERY OF MANIFEST.

SEC. 440. CORRECTION OF MANIFEST.

SEC. 441. VESSELS NOT REQUIRED TO ENTER.

SEC. 442. RESIDUE CARGO.

SEC. 443. CARGO FOR DIFFERENT PORTS-MANIFEST AND PERMIT.

SEC. 444. ARRIVAL AT ANOTHER PORT.

SEC. 445. PENALTIES FOR FAILURE TO HAVE PERMIT AND CERTIFIED MANIFEST.

SEC. 446. SUPPLIES AND STORES RETAINED ON BOARD.

SEC. 447. PLACE OF ENTRY AND UNLADING.

SEC. 448. UNLADING.

SEC. 449. UNLADING AT PORT OF ENTRY.

SEC. 450. UNLADING ON SUNDAYS, HOLIDAYS, OR AT NIGHT.

SEC. 451. SAME-EXTRA COMPENSATION.

SEC. 452. LADING ON SUNDAYS, HOLIDAYS, OR AT NIGHT.

SEC. 453. LADING AND UNLADING OF MERCHANDISE OR BAGGAGE-PENALTIES.

SEC. 454. UNLADING OF PASSENGERS-PENALTY.

SEC. 455. BOARDING AND DISCHARGING INSPECTORS.

SEC. 456. COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES OF INSPECTORS BETWEEN PORTS.

SEC. 457. TIME FOR UNLADING.

SEC. 458. BULK CARGO, TIME FOR UNLADING.

SEC. 459. CONTIGUOUS COUNTRIES-REPORT AND MANIFEST.

SEC. 460. SAME-PENALTIES FOR FAILURE TO REPORT OR FILE MANIFEST.

SEC. 461. SAME-INSPECTION.

SEC. 462. SAME-FORFEITURE.

SEC. 463. SAME-SEALED VESSELS AND VEHICLES.

SEC. 464. SAME-PENALTIES IN CONNECTION WITH SEALED VESSELS AND VEHICLES.

SEC. 465. SAME-SUPPLIES.

SEC. 466. EQUIPMENT AND REPAIRS OF VESSELS.

 Part III-Ascertainment, Collection, and Recovery of Duties

SEC. 481. INVOICE-CONTENTS.

SEC. 482. CERTIFIED INVOICE.

SEC. 483. CONSIGNEE AS OWNER OF MERCHANDISE.

SEC. 484. ENTRY OF MERCHANDISE.

SEC. 485. DECLARATION.

SEC. 486. ADMINISTRATION OF OATHS.

SEC. 487. VALUE IN ENTRY-AMENDMENT.

SEC. 488. APPRAISEMENT OF MERCHANDISE.

SEC. 489. ADDITIONAL DUTIES.

SEC. 490. GENERAL ORDERS.

SEC. 491. UNCLAIMED MERCHANDISE.

SEC. 492. DESTRUCTION OF ABANDONED OR FOREFEITED MERCHANDISE.

SEC. 493. PROCEEDS OF SALE.

SEC. 494. EXPENSE OF WEIGHING AND MEASURING.

SEC. 495. PARTNERSHIP BOND.

SEC. 496. EXAMINATION OF BAGGAGE.

SEC. 497. SAME-PENALTIES.

SEC. 498. ENTRY UNDER REGULATIONS.

SEC. 499. EXAMINATION OF MERCHANDISE.

SEC. 500. DUTIES OF APPRAISING OFFICERS.

SEC. 501. NOTICE OF APPRAISEMENT-REAPPRAISEMENT.

SEC. 502. REGULATIONS FOR APPRAISEMENT AND CLASSIFICATION.

SEC. 503. DUTIABLE VALUE.

SEC. 504. COVERINGS AND CONTAINERS.

SEC. 505. PAYMENT OF DUTIES.

SEC. 506. ALLOWANCE FOR ABANDONMENT AND DAMAGE.

SEC. 507. TARE AND DRAFT.

SEC. 508. COMMINGLING OF GOODS.

SEC. 509. EXAMINATION OF IMPORTER AND OTHERS.

SEC. 510. PENALTIES FOR REFUSAL TO GIVE TESTIMONY.

SEC. 511. INSPECTION OF IMPORTER'S BOOKS.

SEC. 512. DEPOSIT OF DUTY RECEIPTS.

SEC. 513. CLOOECTOR'S IMMUNITY.

SEC. 514. PROTEST AGAINST COLLECTOR'S DECISIONS.

SEC. 515. SAME.

SEC. 516. APPEAL OR PROTEST BY AMERICAN PRODUCERS.

SEC. 517. FRIVOLOUS PROTEST OR APPEAL.

SEC. 518. UNITED STATES CUSTOMS COURT.

SEC. 519. PUBLICATION OF DECISIONS OF CUSTOMS COURT.

SEC. 520. REFUNDS BY SECRETARY OF TREASURY.

SEC. 521. RELIQUIDATION ON ACCOUNT OF FRAUD.

SEC. 522. CONVERSION OF CURRENCY.

SEC. 523. COMPTROLLERS OF CUSTOMS.

SEC. 524. DEPOSIT OF REIMBURSABLE CHARGES.

SEC. 525. DETAILS TO DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FROM FIELD SERVICE.

SEC. 526. MERCHANDISE BEARING AMERICAN TRADE-MARK.

SEC. 527. IMPORTATION OF WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS IN VIOLATION OF FOREIGN LAW.

 Part IV-Transportation in Bond and Warehousing of Merchandise

SEC. 551. BONDING OF CARRIERS.

SEC. 552. ENTRY FOR IMMEDIATE TRANSPORTATION.

SEC. 553. ENTRY FOR TRANSPORTATION AND EXPORTATION.

SEC. 554. TRANSPORTATION THROUGH CONTIGUOUS COUNTRIES.

SEC. 555. BONDED WAREHOUSES.

SEC. 556. SAME-REGULATIONS FOR ESTABLISHING.

SEC. 557. ENTRY FOR WAREHOUSE-WAREHOUSE PERIOD-DRAWBACK.

SEC. 558. REMISSION OR REFUND AFTER DELIVERY OF MERCHANDICE.

SEC. 559. WAREHOUSE GOODS DEEMED ABANDONED AFTER THREE YEARS.

SEC. 560. LEASING OF WAREHOUSES.

SEC. 561. PUBLIC STORES.

SEC. 562. MANIPULATION IN WAREHOUSE.

SEC. 563. ALLOWANCE FOR LOSS-ABANDONMENT OF WAREHOUSE GOODS.

SEC. 564. LIENS.

SEC. 565. CARTAGE.

 Part V-Enforcement Provisions

SEC. 581. BOARDING VESSELS.

SEC. 582. SEARCH OF PERSONS AND BAGGAGE-REGULATIONS.

SEC. 583. CERTIFICATION OF MANIFEST.

SEC. 584. FALSITY OR LACK OF MANIFEST-PENALTIES.

SEC. 585. DEPARTURE BEFORE REPORT OR ENTRY.

SEC. 586. UNLAWFUL UNLADING-EXCEPTION.

SEC. 587. UNLAWFUL TRANSSHIPMENT.

SEC. 588. TRANSPORTATION BETWEEN AMERICAN PORTS VIA FOREIGN PORTS.

SEC. 589. UNLAWFUL RELANDING.

SEC. 590. FALSE DRAWBACK CLAIM.

SEC. 591. FRAUD-PERSONAL PENALTIES.

SEC. 592. SAME-PENALTY AGAINST GOODS.

SEC. 593. SMUGGLING AND CLANDESTINE IMPORTATIONS.

SEC. 594. LIBEL OF VESSELS AND VEHICLES.

SEC. 595. SEARCHES AND SEIZURES.

SEC. 596. BUILDINGS ON BOUNDARY.

SEC. 597. FRAUDULENT TREATMENT OF GOODS IN WAREHOUSE.

SEC. 598. OFFENSES RELATING TO SEALS-UNLAWFUL REMOVAL OF GOODS FROM CUSTOMS CUSTODY.

SEC. 599. OFFICERS NOT TO BE INTERESTED IN VESSELS OR CARGO.

SEC. 600. GRATUITIES.

SEC. 601. BRIBERY.

SEC. 602. SEIZURE-REPORT TO COLLECTOR.

SEC. 603. SAME-COLLECTOR'S REPORTS.

SEC. 604. SAME-PROSECUTION.

SEC. 605. SAME-CUSTODY.

SEC. 606. SAME-APPRAISEMENT.

SEC. 607. SAME-VALUE $1,000 OR LESS.

SEC. 608. SAME-CLAIMS-JUDICIAL CONDEMNATION.

SEC. 609. SAME-SUMMARY FORFEITURE AND SALE.

SEC. 610. SAME-VALUE MORE THAN &1,000.

SEC. 611. SAME-SALE UNLAWFUL.

SEC. 612. SAME-SUMMARY SALE.

SEC. 613. DISPOSITION OF PROCEEDS OF FORFEITED PROPERTY.

SEC. 614. RELEASE OF SEIZED PROPERTY.

SEC. 615. BURDEN OF PROOF IN FORFEITURE PROCEEDINGS.

SEC. 616. COMPROMISE OF GOVERNMENT CLAIMS PROHIBITED EXCEPTION.

SEC. 617. COMPROMISE OF GOVERNMENT CLAIMS BY SECRETARY OF TREASURY.

SEC. 618. REMISSION OR MITIGATION OF PENALTIES.

SEC. 619. AWARD OF COMPENSATION TO INFORMERS.

SEC. 620. SAME-UNITED STATES OFFICERS.

SEC. 621. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS.

SEC. 622. FOREIGN LANDING CERTIFICATES.

SEC. 623. SECURITY.

 Part VI-Miscellaneous Provisions

SEC. 641. CUSTOMHOUSE BROKERS.

SEC. 642. INVESTIGATION OF METHODS OF VALUATION.

SEC. 643. APPLICATION OF CUSTOMS REORGANIZATION ACT.

SEC. 644. APPLICATION OF AIR COMMERCE ACT OF 1926.

SEC. 645. TRAVEL AND SUBSISTENCE.

SEC. 646. TENURE AND RETIREMENT OF JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF CUSTOMS AND PATENT APPEALS.

SEC. 647. REVIEW OF DECISIONS OF COURT OF CUSTOMS AND PATENT APPEALS.

SEC. 648. UNCERTIFIED CHECKS, UNITED STATES NOTES, AND NATIONAL BANK NOTES RECEIVABLE FOR CUSTOMS DUTIES.

SEC. 649. CHARGE IN DESIGNATION OF CUSTOMS ATTACHES.

SEC. 650. APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS.

SEC. 651. REPEALS.

SEC. 652. SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS.

SEC. 653. EFFECTIVE DATE OF ACT.

SEC. 654. SHORT TITLE.

  This Act may be cited as the "Tariff Act of 1930."

  Approved, June 17, 1930, 12.59 p.m.

(https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=46&page=590 ~page754)

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徴兵令詔書及び徴兵告諭(口語訳)  今回、全国募兵の件に付き、別紙の詔書の通り徴兵令が仰せ出され、その定めるところの条々、各々天皇の趣意を戴き、下々の者に至るまで遺漏なきように公布しなさい。全体として詳細は陸軍・海軍両省と打ち合わせをしなさい。この趣旨を通達する。  ただし、徴兵令および徴募期限については追って通達するべきものとする。 (別紙) 詔書の写し   私(明治天皇)が考えるに、往昔は郡県の制度により、全国の壮年の男子を募って、軍団を設置し、それによって国家を守ることは、もとより武士・農民の区別がなかった。中世以降、兵は武士に限られるようになり、兵農分離が始まって、ついに封建制度を形成するようになる。明治維新は、実に2千有余年来の一大変革であった。この際にあたり、海軍・陸軍の兵制もまた時節に従って、変更しないわけにはいかない。今日本の往昔の兵制に基づいて、海外各国の兵制を斟酌し、全国から兵を徴集する法律を定め、国家を守る基本を確立しようと思う。おまえたち、多くのあらゆる役人は手厚く、私(明治天皇)の意志を体して、広くこれを全国に説き聞かせなさい。 明治5年(壬申)11月28日  わが国古代の兵制では、国をあげて兵士とならなかったものはいなかった。有事の際は、天皇が元帥となり、青年壮年兵役に耐えられる者を募り、敵を征服すれば兵役を解き、帰郷すれば農工商人となった。もとより後世のように両刀を帯びて武士と称し、傍若無人で働かずに生活をし、甚だしい時には人を殺しても、お上が罪を問わないというようなことはなかった。  そもそも、神武天皇は珍彦を葛城の国造に任命し、以後軍団を設け衛士・防人の制度を始めて、神亀天平の時代に六府二鎮を設けて備えがなったのである。保元の乱・平治の乱以後、朝廷の軍規が緩み、軍事権は武士の手に落ち、国は封建制の時代となって、人は兵農分離とされた。さらに後世になって、朝廷の権威は失墜し、その弊害はあえていうべきものもなく甚だしいものとなった。  ところが、明治維新で諸藩が領土を朝廷に返還し、1871年(明治4)になって以前の郡県制に戻った。世襲で働かずに生活していた武士は、俸禄を減らし、刀剣を腰からはずすことを許し、士農工商の四民にようやく自由の権利を持たせようとしている。これは上下の身分差をなくし、人権を平等にしようとする方法で、とりもな...

日清修好条規 1871年09月13日

内容見直し点:口語訳中途 修好条規(口語訳、前文署名省略) 第一条 この条約締結のあとは、大日本国と大清国は弥和誼を敦うし、天地と共に窮まり無るべし。又両国に属したる邦土も、各礼を以て相待ち、すこしも侵越する事なく永久安全を得せしむべし。 第二条 両国好を通ぜし上は、必ず相関切す。若し他国より不公及び軽藐する事有る時、其知らせを為さば、何れも互に相助け、或は中に入り、程克く取扱い、友誼を敦くすべし。 第三条 両国の政事禁令各異なれば、其政事は己国自主の権に任すべし。彼此に於て何れも代謀干預して禁じたる事を、取り行わんと請い願う事を得ず。其禁令は互に相助け、各其商民に諭し、土人を誘惑し、聊違犯あるを許さず。 第四条 両国秉権大臣を差出し、其眷属随員を召具して京師に在留し、或は長く居留し、或は時々往来し、内地各処を通行する事を得べし。其入費は何れも自分より払うべし。其地面家宅を賃借して大臣等の公館と為し、並びに行李の往来及び飛脚を仕立書状を送る等の事は、何れも不都合がないように世話しなければならない。 第五条 両国の官位何れも定品有りといえども、職を授る事各同じからず。因彼此の職掌相当する者は、応接及び交通とも均く対待の礼を用ゆ。職卑き者と上官と相見るには客礼を行い、公務を辨ずるに付ては、職掌相当の官へ照会す。其上官へ転申し直達する事を得ず。又双方礼式の出会には、各官位の名帖を用う。凡両国より差出したる官員初て任所に到着せば、印証ある書付を出し見せ、仮冒なき様の防ぎをなすべし。 第六条 今後両国を往復する公文について、清国は漢文を用い、日本国は日本文を用いて漢訳文を副えることとする。あるいはただ漢文のみを用い、その記載に従うものとする。 (これ以下まだ) 第七条 両国好みを通ぜし上は、海岸の各港に於て彼此し共に場所を指定め、商民の往来貿易を許すべし。猶別に通商章程を立て、両国の商民に永遠遵守せしむべし。 第八条 両国の開港場には、彼此何れも理事官を差置き、自国商民の取締をなすべし。凡家財、産業、公事、訴訟に干係せし事件は、都て其裁判に帰し、何れも自国の律例を按して糾辨すべし。両国商民相互の訴訟には、何れも願書体を用う。理事官は先ず理解を加え、成丈け訴訟に及ばざる様にすべし。其儀能わざる時は、地方官に掛合い双方出会し公平に裁断すべし。尤盗賊欠落等の事件は、両国の地方官より...

下関条約 1895年04月17日

下関条約(口語訳、前文署名省略)  第一条 清国は朝鮮国の完全無欠なる独立自主の国であることを確認する。よって右独立自主を損害すべき朝鮮国より清国に対する貢献典礼等は将来全くこれを廃止する。  第二条 清国は左記の土地の主権並びに当該地方にある城塞、兵器製造所及び官有物を永遠に日本国に割譲する。  一 左の境界内にある奉天省南部の地    鴨緑江口より該江を遡り、安平河口に至り該河口より鳳凰城海城営口にわたり遼河口に至る折線以南の地、併せて前記の各城市を包含する。そして遼河を以って界とするところは該河の中央を以って境界とすることとする。    遼東湾東岸及び黄海北岸にあって奉天省に属する諸島嶼  二 台湾全島及びその付属諸島嶼  三 澎湖列島、即ち英国「グリニッジ」東経百十九度から百二十度まで及び北緯二十三度から二十四度までの間にある諸島嶼  第三条 前条に掲載し付属地図に示すところの境界線は、本条約批准交換後直ちに日清両国より各二名以上の境界画定委員を任命し、実地について確定するところあるべきものとする。そしてもし本条約に掲記するところの境界にして地形上又は施政上の点につき完全にならない場合には、当該境界画定委員はこれを更正することに任ずる。  第四条 清国は軍費賠償金として、庫平銀2憶両を日本国に支払うべきことを約する。右金額は都合8回に分け、初回及び2回には毎回5千万両を支払う。そして初回の払込は本条約批准交換後6か月以内に、次回の払込は本条約批准交換後12か月以内において行う。残りの金額は6箇年賦に分け、その1次は本条約批准交換後2年以内に、2次は本条約批准交換後3年以内に、3次は本条約批准交換後4年以内に、4次は本条約批准交換後5年以内に、5次は本条約批准交換後6年以内に、6次は本条約批准交換後7年以内に支払う。また、初回払込期日より以後未だ払込を終了しない額に対しては、毎年5%の利子を支払うべきものとする。 但し、清国は何時でも当該賠償金の全額あるいはその一部を前もって一時に支払うことができる。本条約批准交換後3年以内に当該賠償金の総額を完済するときは、すべての利子を免除する。もし2年半若しくは更に短期の利子を払い込んだときは、これを元金に編入する。  第五条 日本国へ割譲された地方の住民にして、割譲された地方の外に住居したいと希望する者には自由にその所...