門戸開放通牒（Sourceと未照合、和訳あり、参考資料あり）
The First Open Door Note
"This" (the United States) Government. animated with a sincere desire to insure to the commerce and industry of the United States and of all other nations perfect equality of treatment within the limits of the Chinese Empire for their trade and navigation. especially within the so-called 'spheres of influence or interest' claimed by certain European Powers in China. has deemed the present an opportune moment to make representations in this direction to Germany, Great Britain and Russia.
To attain the object it has in view and to remove possible causes of international irritation and reestablish confidence so essential to commerce, it has seemd to this Government highly desirable that the various Powers claiming 'spheres of interest or influence’ in China should give formal assurances that : -
1st. They will in no way interfere with any treaty port or any vested interest within any so-called 'sphere of interest' or leased territory they may have in China.
2nd. The Chinese treaty tariff of the time being shall apply to all merchandise landed or shipped to all such ports as are within said ‘sphere of interest (unless they be free ports)’, no matter to what nationality it may belong, and that duties so leviable shall be collected by the Chinese Government.
3rd. They will levy no higher harbor dues on vessels of another nationality frequenting any port in such 'sphere' than shall be levied on vessels of their own nationality, and no higher railroad charges over lines built, controlled or operated within its 'sphere' on merchandise belonging to citizens or subjects of other nationalities transported through such 'sphere' than shall be levied on similar merchandise belonging to their own nationals transported over equal distances.
The policy pursued by His Imperial German Majesty in declaring Tsing-tao (Kiaochao) a free port and in aiding the Chinese Government in establishing there a custom house. and the Ukase of His Imperia l Russian Majesty of August 11th last in erecting a free port at Dalny (Ta-lien-wan) are thought to be proof that these Powers are not disposed to view unfavorably the proposition to recognize that they contemplate nothing which will interfere in any way with the enjoyment by the commerce of all nations of the rights and privileges guaranteed to them by existing treaties by China.
Repeated assurances from the British Government of its fixed policy to maintain throughout China freedom of trade for the whole world, insure, it is believed, the ready assent of that Power to our proposals. It is no less confidently believed that the commercial interests of Japan would be greatly served by the above mentioned declarations. which harmonize with the assurance conveyed to this Government at various times by His Imperial Japanese Majesty's Diplomatic Represntative at this capital.
（Source：https://worldjpn.net/documents/texts/pw/18991220.O1E.html）
（和訳）
（第一次）門戸開放通牒
合衆国政府は、中国全土において、自国および他国の通商と産業に対し、貿易および航海に関する完全な待遇の平等を確保したいという真摯な願いを抱いています 。特に、中国において欧州諸国が主張している、いわゆる「勢力範囲（興味・関心範囲）」内においてそれを望んでいます 。
合衆国は、ドイツ、イギリス、ロシアに対してこの方向性での申し入れを行うのに、現在は好機であると考えています 。その目的を達成し、国際的な摩擦の火種を取り除き、通商に不可欠な信頼を再構築するために、中国に「勢力範囲」を主張する各国が以下の点について正式な保証を与えることが極めて望ましいと本政府は考えます 。
１．各国は、中国における自国の「勢力範囲」や租借地内にある、いかなる条約港や既得権益に対しても、一切干渉しないこと 。
２．現行の中国の条約関税は、当該「勢力範囲」内にある全ての港（自由港を除く）に陸揚げ又は船積みされる全ての商品に、その国籍を問わず適用されるものとし、課せられる関税は中国政府によって徴収されること 。
３．自国の「勢力範囲」内の港を利用する他国籍の船舶に対し、自国籍の船舶に課す以上の港湾税を課さないこと 。また、自国の「勢力範囲」内で建設・管理・運営されている鉄道において、他国の市民や臣民の貨物を輸送する際、同距離を輸送される自国民の同様の貨物に課す以上の運賃を課さないこと 。
ドイツ皇帝陛下が青島（膠州湾）を自由港と宣言し、中国政府がそこに税関を設置するのを援助している政策 、ならびに昨年8月11日のロシア皇帝陛下の勅令による大連（ターリエンワン）への自由港設置は、これらの諸国が、既存の条約によって中国が全諸国に保証している通商上の権利や特権の享受を妨げる意図がないことを認めるという提案を、好意的に受け止める証拠であると考えられます 。
イギリス政府からも、中国全土における全世界のための自由貿易を維持するという一貫した政策について繰り返し確約を得ており、我々の提案に対して同国が速やかに同意するものと確信しています 。又、上記の宣言は日本の通商上の利益にも大きく資するものであり 、それらは日本の外交使節から本政府に対して折に触れて伝えられてきた確約とも一致するものであると確信しています 。
（Google Geminiを使用して和訳）
参考：門戸開放通牒のベースとなった、ジョン・ヘイからアンドリュー・ホワイトへの手紙
The First 'Open Door Note'
John Hay to Andrew D. White
United States Department of State
Washington, September 6, 1899
At the time when the Government of the United States was informed by that of Germany
that it had leased from His Majesty the Emperor of China the port of Kiao-chao and the
adjacent territory in the province of Shantung, assurances were given to the ambassador
of the United States at Berlin by the Imperial German minister for foreign affairs that the
rights and privileges insured by treaties with China to citizens of the United States would
not thereby suffer or be in anywise impaired within the area over which Germany had
thus obtained control.
More recently, however, the British Government recognized by a formal agreement with
Germany the exclusive right of the latter country to enjoy in said leased area and the
contiguous "sphere of influence or interest" certain privileges, more especially those
relating to railroads and mining enterprises; but as the exact nature and extent of the
rights thus recognized have not been clearly defined, it is possible that serious conflicts of
interest may at any time arise not only between British and German subjects within said
area, but that the interests of our citizens may also be jeopardized thereby.
Earnestly desirous to remove any cause of irritation and to insure at the same time to the
commerce of all nations in China the undoubted benefits which should accrue from a
formal recognition by the various powers claiming "spheres of interest" that they shall
enjoy perfect equality of treatment for their commerce and navigation within such
"spheres," the Government of the United States would be pleased to see His German
Majesty's Government give formal assurances, and lend its cooperation in securing like
assurances from the other interested powers, that each, within its respective sphere of
whatever influence--
First. Will in no way interfere with any treaty port or any vested interest within any socalled "sphere of interest" or leased territory it may have in China.
Second. That the Chinese treaty tariff of the time being shall apply to all merchandise
landed or shipped to all such ports as are within said "sphere of interest" (unless they be
"free ports"), no matter to what nationality it may belong, and that duties so leviable shall
be collected by the Chinese Government.
Third. That it will levy no higher harbor dues on vessels of another nationality
frequenting any port in such "sphere" than shall be levied on vessels of its own
nationality, and no higher railroad charges over lines built, controlled, or operated within
its "sphere" on merchandise belonging to citizens or subjects of other nationalities
transported through such "sphere" than shall be levied on similar merchandise belonging
to its own nationals transported over equal distances.
The liberal policy pursued by His Imperial German Majesty in declaring Kiao-chao a free
port and in aiding the Chinese Government in the establishment there of a customhouse
are so clearly in line with the proposition which this Government is anxious to see
recognized that it entertains the strongest hope that Germany will give its acceptance and
hearty support. The recent ukase of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia declaring the port
of Ta-lien-wan open during the whole of the lease under which it is held from China to
the merchant ships of all nations, coupled with the categorical assurances made to this
Government by His Imperial Majesty's representative at this capital at the time and since
repeated to me by the present Russian ambassador, seem to insure the support of the
Emperor to the proposed measure. Our ambassador at the Court of St. Petersburg has in
consequence, been instructed to submit it to the Russian Government and to request their
early consideration of it. A copy of my instruction on the subject to Mr. Tower is
herewith inclosed for your confidential information.
The commercial interests of Great Britain and Japan will be so clearly observed by the
desired declaration of intentions, and the views of the Governments of these countries as
to the desirability of the adoption of measures insuring the benefits of equality of
treatment of all foreign trade throughout China are so similar to those entertained by the
United States, that their acceptance of the propositions herein outlined and their
cooperation in advocating their adoption by the other powers can be confidently
expected. I inclose herewith copy of the instruction which I have sent to Mr. Choate on
the subject.
In view of the present favorable conditions, you are instructed to submit the above
considerations to His Imperial German Majesty's Minister for L Foreign Affairs, and to
request his early consideration of the subject.
[Identical notes, with the necessary changes, were sent on the same day to Germany,
Russia, and England. Similar notes were sent later to Japan, Italy, and France.]
（Source：Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1899, pps. 129-30.参考：https://loveman.sdsu.edu/docs/1899firstopendoornote.pdf）
コメント
コメントを投稿