SCAPIN-178: ADMINISTRATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF JAPAN（原文と未照合）
OFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER
FOR THE ALLIED POWERS
22 October 1945
AG 350 (22 Oct 45) CIE
(SCAPIN-178)
MEMORANDUM FOR IMPERIAL JAPANESE GOVERNMENT.
THROUGH
Central Liaison Office, Tokyo.
SUBJECT
Administration of the Educational System of Japan.
1. In order that the newly formed Cabinet of the Imperial Japanese Government shall be fully informed of the objectives and policies of the occupation with regard to Education, it is hereby directed that:
a. The content of all instruction will be critically examined, revised, and controlled in accordance with the following policies.
(1) Dissemination of militaristic and ultra-nationalistic ideology will be prohibited and all military education and drill will be discontinued.
(2) Inculcation of concepts and establishment of practices in harmony with representative government, international peace, the dignity of the individual, and such fundamental human rights as the freedom of assembly, speech, and religion, will be encouraged.
b. The personnel of all educational institutions will be investigated, approved or removed, reinstated, appointed, reorientated, and supervised in accordance with the following policies:
(1) Teachers and educational officials will be examined as rapidly as possible and all career military personnel, persons who have been active exponents of militarism and ultra-nationalism, and those actively antagonistic to the policies of the occupation, will be removed.
(2) Teachers and educational officials who have been dismissed, suspended, or forced to resign for liberal or anti-militaristic opinions or activities, will be declared immediately eligible for and if properly qualified will be given preference in reappointment.
(3) Discrimination against any student, teacher, or educational official on grounds of race, nationality, creed, political opinion, or social position, will be prohibited, and immediate steps will be taken to correct inequities which have resulted from such discrimination.
(4) Students, teachers, and educational officials will be encouraged to evaluate critically and intelligently the content of instruction and will be permitted to engage in free and unrestricted discussion of issues involving political, civil, and religious liberties.
(5) Students, teachers, educational officials, and public will be informed of the objectives and policies of the occupation, of the theory and practices of representative government, and of the part played by militaristic leaders, their active collaborators, and those who by passive acquiescence committed the nation to war with the inevitable result of defeat, distress, and the present deplorable state of the Japanese people.
c. The instrumentalities of educational processes will be critically examined, revised, and controlled in accordance with the following policies:
(1) Existing curricula, textbooks, teaching manuals, and instructional materials, the use of which is temporarily permitted on an emergency basis, wil be examined as rapidly as possible and those portions designed to promote a militaristic or ultra-nationalistic ideology will be eliminated.
(2) New curricula, textbooks, teaching manuals, and instructional materials designed to produce an educated, peaceful and responsible citizenry will be prepared and will be substituted for existing materials as rapidly as possible.
(3) A noramlly operating educational system will be reestablished as rapidly as possible, but where limited facilities exist preference will be given to elementary education and teacher training.
2. The Japanese Ministry of Education will establish and maintain adequate liaison with the appropriate staff section of the Office of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and upon request will submit reports describing in detail all action taken to comply with the provisions of this directive.
3. All officials and subordinates of the Japanese Government affected by the terms of this directive, and all teachers and school officials, both public and private, will be held personally accoutable for compliance with the spirit as well as the letter of the policies enunciated in this directive.
FOR THE SUPREME COMMANDER:
H.W.ALLEN,
Colonel, A.G.D.,
Asst Adjutant General.
（Source：https://jahis.law.nagoya-u.ac.jp/scapindb/docs/scapin-178）
（和訳）
日本教育制度ニ対スル管理政策（昭和二十年十月二十二日連合国軍最高司令部ヨリ終戦連絡中央事務局経由日本帝国政府ニ対スル覚書）
一 日本新内閣に対し教育に関する占領の目的及政策を充分に理解せしむる連合国軍最高司令部は茲に左の指令を発する
A 教育内容は左の政策に基き批判的に検討、改訂、管理せらるべきこと
（１）軍国主義的及び極端なる国家主義的イデオロギーの普及を禁止すること、軍事教育の学科及び教練は凡て廃止すること
（２）議会政治、国際平和、個人の権威の思想及集会、言論、信教の自由の如き基本的人権の思想に合致する諸概念の教授及実践の確立を奨励すること
B あらゆる教育機関の関係者は左の方針に基き取調べられその結果に従い夫々留任、退職、復職、任命、再教育又は転職せらるべきこと
（１）教師及び教育関係官公吏は出来得る限り迅速に取調べらるべきこと、あらゆる職業軍人乃至軍国主義、極端なる国家主義の積極的なる鼓吹者及び占領政策に対して積極的に反対する人々は罷免せらるべきこと
（２）自由主義的或は反軍的言論乃至行動の為解職又は休職となり或は辞職を強要せられたる教師及び教育関係官公吏は其の資格を直に復活せしめらるべきことを公表し、且つ彼等が適当なる資格を有する場合は優先的に之を復職せしめること
（３）人権、国籍、信教、政見又は社会的地位を理由とする学生、教師、教育関係官公吏に対する差別待遇を禁止する、而して叙上の差別待遇より生じたる不公平は直ちに是正せらるべきこと
（４）学生、教師、教育関係官公吏は教授内容を批判的理智的に評価することを奨励せらるべく、また政治的、公民的、宗教的自由を含む各般の事項の自由討議を許容せらるべきこと
（５）学生、教師、教育関係官公吏及び一般民衆は連合軍占領の目的及び政策、議会政治の理論及実践に就いて知らしめらるべきこと
また軍国主義的指導者、その積極的協力者の演じたる役割並にその消極的黙認により日本国民を戦争に陥れ、不可避的なる敗北と困窮と現在の悲惨なる状態とを結果せしめたる者の演じたる役割を知らしめらるべきこと
C 教育過程における技術的内容は左の政策に基き批判的に検討、改訂、管理せらるべきこと
（１）急迫せる現情に鑑み一時的に其の使用を許されてゐる現行の教課目、教科書、教授指導書その他の教材は出来得る限り速かに検討せらるべきであり、軍国主義的乃至極端なる国家主義的イデオロギーを助長する目的を以て作成せられたる箇所は削除せらるべきこと
（２）教育ある平和的且つ責任を重ずる公民の養成を目指す新教科目、新教科書、新教師用参考書、新教授用材料は出来得る限り速かに準備せられ現行のものと代へらるべきこと
（３）正常に実施せられつつある教育体制は出来得る限り迅速に再建せらるべきであるが未だ設備等不充分の場合は初等教育及び教員養成を優先せしめること
二 日本文部省は連合国軍最高司令部の該当部局と適当に連絡し得るような機関を設け且之を維持すること、而して連合国軍側の要求に応じ本指令各条項に基いて為されたる実施事項の詳細なる説明報告を提出すべきこと
三 日本政府の官公吏、属僚にして本指令各条項実施に関与する者並に公立、私立を問はず凡ての教師及学校教職員は本指令に明示しある政策の精神並に条文を遵奉する個人的責任を負ふものとす
（Source：https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1317996.htm）
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